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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Technological innovations |x Government policy"
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HOPKIN, DAVID. "THE FRENCH ARMY, 1624–1914: FROM THE KING'S TO THE PEOPLE'S". Historical Journal 48, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2005): 1125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004942.
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Richelieu's army: war government and society in France, 1624–1642. By David Parrott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xxiv+599. ISBN 0-521-79209-6. £65.00.The dynastic state and the army under Louis XIV: royal service and private interest, 1661–1701. By Guy Rowlands. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xxiv+404. ISBN 0-521-64124-1. £55.00.The French army, 1750–1820: careers, talent, merit. By Rafe Blaufarb. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. Pp. xii+227. ISBN 0-7190-6262-4. £45.00.The people in arms: military myth and national mobilization since the French Revolution. Edited by Daniel Moran and Arthur Waldron. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xi+268. ISBN 0-521-81432. £50.00.From revolutionaries to citizens: antimilitarism in France, 1870–1914. By Paul B. Miller. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii+277. ISBN 0-8223-2766-X. £13.95.Although all the books under review are military histories, international conflict is not their central concern. They are not primarily campaign histories, nor studies of strategic or tactical innovations, nor biographies of great commanders. If they help to answer the military historian's traditional question – how is military might created and used on the battlefield – then they do so indirectly, through an exploration of how the state marshalled its resources for war, particularly in terms of manpower. This is not just a question of emphasis, or of filling in gaps in the historiography; these books mount a sustained critique on the explanatory models favoured by military historians. Military history, David Parrott suggests, too readily falls into a ‘whiggish trap’: a series of clear-sighted war leaders grasp the potential of technology in achieving the state's foreign policy objectives; technological shifts drive changes in the size and organization of armies, and consequently in the development of the state. And thus was the modern world of large, complex, disciplined organizations made. In contrast, we are offered here a selection of error-prone war leaders, constrained at every turn by the social, political, and financial realities of their day, who were intent not on ‘progress’ but on manipulating the system of which they themselves were a part, and as much for their own ends as for those of the state they served.
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Stowers, Genie N. L. "Producing Technological Innovations". Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 3, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1995): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.1995.tb00105.x.
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Bukshnaitis, D. E., e A. V. Frolov. "RADICAL INNOVATION AND MODERN GERMAN INNOVATION POLICY: AN EXAMPLE OF THE COMPREHENSIVE EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE NATIONAL HIGH-TECH POTENTIAL". International Trade and Trade Policy 9, n.º 2 (11 de junho de 2023): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-2-52-71.
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The acceleration of the pace of scientific and technological progress has intensified the competition between states and national economic agents in the field of technological development. To win this competition can states and companies that offer radical innovations and high-tech products. The article discusses theoretical approaches to understanding of the terms radical and transformative innovations. Particular attention is given to innovative German state policy aimed at stimulating radical technological innovations, strategic guidelines that determine this policy, and practical tools aimed at its implementation. Particular attention is paid to the governmental support measures in regard emergence and diffusion of transformative innovations designed to bring Germany and Europe on the track of sustainable development. The article gives examples of radical innovations created by German companies with active support from the Government.
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Musa, Hussein Gibreel, Askar Garad e Mahmoud Mussa. "Trends and Innovations in Tourism Marketing Within Government Policy". JIAN - Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Negara 8, n.º 2 (31 de maio de 2024): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56071/jian.v8i2.886.
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This bibliometric study explores the trends, innovations, and the impact of government policies on tourism marketing from 2000 to 2023. The analysis identifies significant shifts, such as the transition to digital marketing, the rise of experiential and sustainable tourism marketing, and the crucial role of government interventions. Technological advancements, including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and big data analytics, have significantly enhanced tourism marketing strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated the adoption of digital platforms and responsive policy-making. Top-cited articles emphasize sustainability, economic impacts, and health tourism, highlighting influential contributions from leading researchers. Geographical analysis shows that the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia are the most prolific contributors, with emerging markets like India, China, Indonesia, and South Africa also playing vital roles. The findings underscore the dynamic, interdisciplinary nature of tourism marketing research and the essential interplay between marketing strategies and government policies. This study provides a foundation for future research and informs effective policy-making and marketing strategies to enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of the global tourism industry.
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Kang, Lu, Jie Lv e Haoyang Zhang. "Can the Water Resource Fee-to-Tax Reform Promote the “Three-Wheel Drive” of Corporate Green Energy-Saving Innovations? Quasi-Natural Experimental Evidence from China". Energies 17, n.º 12 (11 de junho de 2024): 2866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17122866.
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The long-standing, unrestrained utilization of energy resources by China’s manufacturing sector has created irreversible obstacles to regional sustainable development. Consequently, the Chinese government has implemented a water resource tax policy in certain regions, with the aim of compelling manufacturing enterprises to adopt green and energy-saving innovations. This study used panel data from Chinese manufacturing companies listed on the A-share market from 2009 to 2020 and employed a double machine learning model to explore whether the water resource fee-to-tax reform can compel enterprises to enhance their tripartite green energy-saving innovation drive. These innovations consist of vision-driven and mission-driven green energy-saving technological innovations and green management energy-saving innovations. Following a quasi-natural experiment, our findings revealed the following: (1) The water resource fee-to-tax policy promoted the internal coupling coordination of the triple-driven system. (2) The policy compelled progress in mission-driven green energy-saving technological innovations and green energy-saving management innovations but hindered vision-driven green energy-saving technological innovations. (3) Within the internal systems of manufacturing enterprises, green energy-saving management innovations play a positive mediating role between the water resource fee-to-tax policy and the mission-driven green energy-saving technology innovation subsystem, but they lack a similar positive mediating mechanism for the vision-driven green energy-saving technology innovation subsystem. (4) The counterfactual framework verified that the mechanistic pathway “water resource fee-to-tax → green energy-saving management innovation → mission-driven/vision-driven green energy-saving technological innovation” could be further extended to other manufacturing enterprises not currently under policy compulsion. (5) In the interaction system between manufacturing enterprises and external markets, the development of marketization and financial technology positively regulated the promoting effect of the water resource fee-to-tax policy on mission-driven green energy-saving technological innovations and green energy-saving management innovations, but it did not have a similar effect on vision-driven green energy-saving technological innovations.
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Quan, Mengqi, Quan Guo, Qing Xia e Min Zhou. "Research on the Effects of Environmental Regulations on Industrial-Technological Innovation Based on Pressure Transmission". Sustainability 13, n.º 19 (4 de outubro de 2021): 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911010.
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This paper investigates the transmission of pressure between the public, relevant government departments, and industrial firms through the use of formal environmental regulations. The data include formal environmental regulations issued from 2005 to 2019 in 179 cities in 27 provinces in China. The intermediary effect model and the threshold effect model are used to carry out research studies on the relationships between public-participated environmental regulations, formal environmental regulations, and industrial-technological innovations. Results indicate that: (1) Pressure is transmitted between the public, and relevant government sectors and industries. For instance, public-participated environmental regulations pressure relevant government departments to apply strong formal environmental regulations on industrial sectors. (2) Labor and capital have a positive moderating effect on the effect of formal environmental regulations on industrial-technological innovations. (3) Both public-participated and formal environmental regulations promote industrial-technological innovations. (4) There is a threshold effect in formal environmental regulations. For instance, when the intensity of public-participated environmental regulations is higher than 93, the role of formal environmental regulations in promoting industrial-technological innovation can be completely maximized.
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Wu, Xun, e M. Ramesh. "Market imperfections, government imperfections, and policy mixes: policy innovations in Singapore". Policy Sciences 47, n.º 3 (25 de setembro de 2013): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-013-9186-x.
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Asgharzadeh Shiadeh, Seyed Aref. "The Role of Technology in Enhancing Transparency in Government Resource Allocation". Journal of Resource Management and Decision Engineering 2, n.º 3 (2023): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jrmde.2.3.2.
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This study aims to explore the role of technology in fostering transparency in government operations, identifying both the opportunities provided by technological advancements and the barriers to their effective implementation. This qualitative research employed semi-structured interviews with 22 participants, including government officials, IT professionals, policy makers, and academics specializing in public administration and technology. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the impact of technology on transparency. Theoretical saturation was achieved, ensuring that no additional data would provide further insights. Three main themes were identified: Technological Advancements, Impact on Transparency, and Barriers to Implementation. Technological Advancements encompassed categories such as Data Integration, Real-Time Access, Automation, Security and Privacy, and User-Friendly Interfaces. Impact on Transparency included Public Trust, Accountability, and Policy Development. Barriers to Implementation were identified as Technological Barriers, Organizational Resistance, Legal and Regulatory Challenges, and Financial Constraints. The study concludes that while technological innovations hold significant potential to enhance transparency in government resource allocation, their implementation is frequently hindered by a range of technological, organizational, and financial barriers. Addressing these challenges through tailored policy interventions and strategic planning is crucial for capitalizing on the benefits of technology in public administration.
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Van de Ven, Andrew, Ron Adner, Stephen Barley, Deborah Dougherty, Jane Fountain, Andrew Hargadon, Mark Kamlet, Beth Karlin e Melissa Schilling. "Increasing Benefits & Reducing Social Costs of Technological Innovations". Behavioral Science & Policy 3, n.º 1 (abril de 2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/237946151700300109.
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Technological innovation is a double-edged sword. It can help solve major problems, such as how to treat cancer, and can be an engine of economic growth, but it can also cost jobs, such as when automation replaces people Both aspects raise issues that have major but so far little-recognized policy implications. One such issue is that new technologies are now taking the place not just of routinized jobs but of more complex positions. Another is that many government policies meant to foster needed innovation are based on an outmoded understanding of how innovation occurs and thus are not as effective as they could be. As behavioral scientists who study technology and innovation, we offer insights into addressing both issues.
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Hoppe, Rob. "Public Policy Systems Dealing with Ethically Contested Medical Technological Innovations". Creativity and Innovation Management 17, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2008): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2008.00495.x.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Technological innovations |x Government policy"
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Wong, Shiu-Fai. "Environmental technology policy in comparative perspective : do institutions matter?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28023.
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The reasons behind the failure of many environmental technologies (E-Ts) in advanced industrial countries have puzzled scholars and policymakers for decades. Even traditional government policies such as the implementation of market-oriented developmental programs, ‘pick—the-winner’ industrial policies (or through the delegation of powers to industry), and the encouragement of public-private partnerships, have never necessarily worked. Do institutions really matter? Would any other policies render renewable energy, waste recycling, clean fuel auto technology and the like more indispensable to our daily life than the traditional ones?
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于玥 e Yue Yu. "The influence of CEO characteristics and government financial support on management control system sophistication in high-tech industries : empirical evidence from China's Silicon Valley". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193059.
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China’s investments in R&D are forecast to surpass those of the US in 2022, thereby attracting capital, innovation and a large number of returnee managers. In the past eight years alone, the number of returnees has increased five-fold, with the country’s high-tech parks, particularly Beijing’s Z-Park, also known as China’s Silicon Valley or the Silicon Valley of the East, proving considerable attractions. In this context, in which start-ups are vital for economic growth and for the further development of Chinese investments in leading-edge innovation, understanding how the significant cultural differences between returnee and local managers affect management control systems (MCS) is of key importance.
Drawing on a survey of more than 200 companies and data from 435 one-to-one interviews, this study investigates the relationship between CEO characteristics, government financial support and MCS sophistication in the context of fast-growing high-tech enterprises in China’s Silicon Valley. The study develops an MCS sophistication index as an aggregate measure of six main factors (the importance of MCS to the firm, system structure, system operations, system completeness, frequency of use and the level of data aggregation), and measures MCS sophistication by 46 individual management control subsystems.
The study predicts and verifies a positive relationship between CEO and firm international exposure and between CEO education and the level of MCS sophistication. It also predicts and verifies a positive relationship between government financial support and MCS sophistication in a context in which privately held and managed venture capital and banks provide such support.
The study further analyses the interaction effect of government financial support and CEO characteristics on MCS sophistication. Its empirical findings suggest that, despite their cultural differences, neither local nor returnee managers feel the need for better MCS. Only when there is potential access to government funding do returnee managers have better tools to implement more sophisticated MCS than their local counterparts, thus underlining how international work experience provides Chinese managers with the tools, but not the mindset, for superior MCS.
Most previous studies focus on listed companies in China, whereas this study constitutes one of the first to focus on start-ups using an extensive array of data. It also contributes to the definition of a more systematic MCS sophistication measure, thus allowing more complete analysis of MCS at the firm level. Improving upon previous studies, the research reported herein also encompasses a large set of CEO characteristics to analyse their interaction with government financial support, thereby contributing to a better understanding of MCS in a key area of China’s future development.published_or_final_version
Economics and Finance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Murphree, Michael Bruce. "Building markets: The political economy of technology standards". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51821.
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This dissertation explains the causes of national differences in markets for technology. Different national approaches to intellectual property protection and use, market openness and market scope are the result of the process of creating technology standards in different countries. Technology Standards, in turn, are the product of two causal variables: the historically determined institutions of standardization - particularly the role of the state in the standardization process, and the position of a country in the fragmented global production system. The institutions of standardization determine the relative influence of different actors over standardization and market position. The position within the global economy determines these actors’ perspectives on intellectual property and market scope. Using case studies of standardization and technology market creation in the United States, Europe and China, this dissertation reveals the mechanisms by which these two variables give rise to national differences in technology markets.
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Kay, Luciano. "How do prizes induce innovation? learning from the Google Lunar X-prize". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41193.
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Inducement prizes-where cash rewards are given to motivate the attainment of targets--have been long used to encourage scientific research, develop technological innovations, or stimulate individuals, groups, and communities to accomplish diverse goals. Lately, prizes have increasingly attracted the attention of policy-makers, among others, due to their potential to induce path-breaking innovations and accomplish related goals. Academic research, however, has barely investigated these prizes in spite of their long history, recent popularity, and notable potential.
This research investigates prizes and the means by which they induce innovation. It uses an empirical, multiple case-study methodology, a new model of innovation applied to prizes, and multiple data sources to investigate three cases of recent aerospace technology prizes: a main case study, the Google Lunar X Prize (GLXP) for robotic Moon exploration; and two pilot cases, the Ansari X Prize (AXP) for the first private reusable manned spacecraft and the Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge (NGLLC) for flights of reusable rocket-powered vehicles.
The investigation unveils the dynamics of prizes and contributes a better understanding of their potential and disadvantages in a context in which more traditional mechanisms are used to induce innovation. This research shows that prizes are a more complex mechanism and their investigation requires analyzing entrant- and context-level factors generally not considered by the literature. Prizes complement and not replace patents and other incentive mechanisms.
The incentives offered by prizes attract entrants with diverse characteristics, including unconventional entrants--individuals and organizations generally not involved with the prize technologies. Entrants are generally attracted by the non-monetary benefits of participation and the potential market value of the technologies involved in competitions. Many more volunteers, collaborators, and partners also participate indirectly and support official entries as they also perceive opportunities to accomplish their personal and organizational goals. The monetary reward is important to position the competition in the media and disseminate the idea of the prize.
Prizes can induce increasing R&D activities and re-direct industry projects to target diverse technological goals, yet the evolution of prize competitions and quality of the technological outputs is generally difficult to anticipate. The overall organization of prize R&D activities and their outputs depend on entrant-level factors and can only be indirectly influenced by setting specific competition rules. The most remarkable characteristic of prize R&D activities is their interaction with fundraising efforts which, in some circumstances, may constrain the activities of entrants.
Prizes can also induce innovation over and above what would have occurred anyway, yet their overall effect depends significantly on the characteristics of the prize entrants and the evolution of the context of the competition. The ability of prizes to induce innovation is larger when there are larger prize incentives, more significant technology gaps implicit in the prize challenge, and open-ended challenge definitions. To successfully induce technological breakthroughs, prizes may require complementary incentives (e.g. commitments to purchase technology) or support (e.g. seed funding.)
Prizes are particularly appropriate to, for example, explore new, experimental methods and technologies that imply high-risk R&D; induce technological development to break critical technological barriers; accelerate technological development to achieve higher performance standards; and, accelerate diffusion, adoption, and/or commercialization of technologies. They involve, however, higher programmatic risks than other more traditional mechanisms and their routine use, and/or challenge definitions that overlap, can weaken the incentive power of the mechanism. Successful implementation of competitions requires many parameters to be properly set.
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Savarese, Josephine. "The gifts of the chip? : the regulation of occupational health and safety in the post-industrial age". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30324.
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In the face of the extensive changes resulting from the Post-Industrial Age, many are questioning "the gifts of the chip," or, more specifically, the ability of computer technologies to deliver the comfort predicted. The objective of this thesis is to examine the law's response to computer technology concerning occupational health and safety. This inquiry is necessary due to the dramatic changes that have occurred in the workforce, altering the profile of workplace health.The thesis begins with a reference to The Gift of Stones, a fictional account of the difficulties that stone workers experienced when the Bronze Age arrived. Modern labourers face parallel struggles due to the arrival of the Post-Industrial Age characterized by technological innovation and restructuring. The legitimacy and effectiveness of occupational health and safety law is challenged by changes to social institutions and by computer related work injuries.
In many jurisdictions, the state has responded to these changes by enacting ergonomic standards that seek to minimize the harmful effects of computer use. The thesis examines the trend towards ergonomic standards with particular focus on Canadian initiatives. In conclusion, it argues that ergonomic regulations are an important means of promoting safer computer practices. Additionally, ergonomic standards provide a mechanism for continued state regulation of occupational health and safety. The challenge for rule makers is ensuring that the standards are a component of comprehensive legal reforms.
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Conniry, Krystal Lynn. "National Security, Mass Surveillance, and Citizen Rights under Conditions of Protracted Warfare". PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3204.
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This paper explores the complex relationship between securing the rights of citizens to privacy and national security priorities under conditions of government mass surveillance. The inquiry examines the conflict between those who support and those who stand in opposition of government surveillance, and is framed around the question of whether changes in technology and the concept of nationalism help inform our understanding of the increase in surveillance post-9/11. From a peace and conflict studies perspective, the work analyzes how the rise of nationalism in the post-9/11 era and the protracted wars against terrorism, in combination with the growth of technological power, have impacted the relationship between state-surveillance and democracy. Findings identify protracted warfare, technology and corporate profits as conflict drivers within the surveillance system, which gives rise to moral dilemmas and structural polarizations in the political culture and institutions of the state and society. The analysis concludes that these dilemmas systematically create an imbalance of power between the citizen to the state, and cannot be fully addressed unless the efficacy of war is critically questioned.
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Ieis, Fabiana. "Percepção dos atores do setor de software sobre a política de ciência, tecnologia, inovação e industrial dos anos 2000". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/556.
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CAPESEssa dissertação investiga qual a percepção de atores envolvidos com o setor de software sobre a formação e condução das políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação e das políticas Industriais para esse setor a partir dos anos 2000. Trata-se de identificar a percepção dos entrevistados em relação às diretrizes das políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação e das Políticas Industriais. Ao investigar o setor selecionado observa-se que existe uma série de leis e instrumentos das políticas que o amparam e o beneficiam, principalmente, na dimensão do financiamento e incentivo à exportação. Além disso, é um setor intensivo em mão de obra de maior nível de conhecimento, tem características ambientais modernas e exige investimentos iniciais relativamente baixos. As atividades de software encontram-se dispersas nos diversos setores econômicos e têm o potencial de melhorar a produtividade e competitividade desses setores na medida em que modernizam e facilitam os processos organizacionais e produtivos por meio de seus produtos e serviços. Para buscar compreender a percepção dos atores sobre as diretrizes das políticas esse estudo adotou como método a pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo e realizou entrevistas por meio de questionários semiestruturados com o objetivo de investigar a percepção dos entrevistados sobre o processo de formulação e condução das políticas para o setor de software no Brasil, a partir dos anos 2000. Foram realizadas nove entrevistas, com amostra intencional pela representação da instituição para o setor e para a dinâmica da política no setor. A fim de classificar a percepção dos atores foi realizada uma categorização qualitativa da percepção dos atores sobre as políticas, no sentido de analisar se os planos têm contribuído para o crescimento do setor e se tem mostrado evolução em sua condução ao longo do tempo, foi construído, a partir da interpretação dos relatos das entrevistas, um plano de análise composto pelos eixos: crescimento do setor de software e relevância das políticas. Como resultados essa pesquisa mostra que os atores entrevistados, de maneira geral, participam das formulações das políticas, tem bom conhecimento dos planos, e que todos os entrevistados consideram que houve evolução na dinâmica do setor, mas atribuem essa evolução mais ao desenvolvimento econômico nacional do que a atuação das políticas no setor.
This dissertation investigates what the selected actors’ perception on the formation and management of science, technology and innovation policies and industrial policies for the software industry from the 2000s. This is to identify the respondents' perception in relation to the guidelines of Science, Technology and Innovation Policies and Industrial Policies. While investigating the selected sector it is observed that there are a number of laws and policy instruments that support and benefit it, mainly, in the dimension of financing and incentive to the export, moreover, is an intensive sector in labor of higher level of knowledge, has modern environmental characteristics and requires relatively low initial investments. The software activities have been found scattered in the various economic sectors and have the potential to improve the productivity and competitiveness of these sectors in that they modernize and facilitate the organizational and productive processes by means of its products and services. To seek to understand the actors’ perception on the policy guidelines this study adopted as method the bibliographical research of qualitative character and interviews that were performed through semi-structured questionnaires in order to investigate the respondents’ perception on the process of formulation and conduct of the policies for the software industry in Brazil, from the 2000s. For this, nine interviews were conducted, with a convenience sample representation by the institution for the sector and the political dynamics in the sector In order to classify the actors’ perception it was performed a qualitative categorization of actors ' perception on the policies, in order to analyze whether the plans have shown to be positive or negative for the development of the chain and if have shown advances in its conduction over time, for this it was elaborated, from the interpretation of reports of the interviews, a plan of analysis composed of the axes: evolution of the policy plans and evolution of the chain software dynamics. As a result, this research shows that the interviewed actors generally participate in formulation of policies, has good knowledge of the plans, and that all respondents consider that there have been advances in the dynamics of the sector, but attributed this progress more to the national economic development than the performance of policies in the sector.
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Stocking, Galen Asher Thomas. "The threat of cyberterrorism: Contemporary consequences and prescriptions". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2590.
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This study researches the varying threats that emanate from terrorists who carry their activity into the online arena. It examines several elements of this threat, including virtual to virtual attacks and threats to critical infrastructure that can be traced to online sources. It then reports on the methods that terrorists employ in using information technology such as the internet for propaganda and other communication purposes. It discusses how the United States government has responded to these problems, and concludes with recommendations for best practices.
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Rocha, Carlos Eduardo de Andrade Lima da. "Sistema de apoio ao processo decisório na área de biociências: uma proposta para o Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/367.
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A área de biociências tem promovido mudanças significativas na competência nacional vinculada à inovação no campo da saúde, criando bases científicas favoráveis para a construção de políticas públicas de C,T&I; ela também tem se apresentado como dimensão estratégica de destaque na formação de recursos humanos no âmbito das áreas portadoras de futuro, bem como, pela instalação e consolidação de organizações atreladas ao processo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação. Desta forma, as atividades biotecnológicas demandam processos decisórios mais precisos e consistentes e que considerem as variáveis inerentes ao ambiente organizacional próprio das Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho pretende apresentar uma proposta de modelo de um sistema de apoio ao processo decisório na área de biociências com implementação de um Software desenvolvido em linguagem de programação C++. O modelo foi desenvolvido considerando o âmbito do Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, tendo em vista a análise preliminar sob a ótica de dois grupos de variáveis das propostas de projetos, objetivando auxiliar os gestores na etapa de avaliação de requisitos fundamentais para aceitação de projetos de pesquisa, articulados com a implementação de ações voltadas às políticas de C,T&I em Saúde Pública.The area of biosciences has promoted significant changes in national competence linked to innovation in health care by creating scientific favorable for the construction of public policies on ST & I, has also been presented as a strategic dimension of prominence in the training of human resources within areas of future patients, as well as the installation and consolidation of organizations linked to the process of Research, Development and Innovation. Thus, the activities biotechnological processes require more accurate and consistent decision-making and consider the variables inherent in the organizational environment itself Institutions of Science and Technology. In this context, this paper aims to propose a model of a system of policy making in the area of biosciences with implementation of a software developed in programming language C++. The model was developed considering the scope of the Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, in view of the preliminary analysis from the perspective of two groups of variables of project proposals, aiming to assist managers in the evaluation phase of the fundamental requirements for acceptance of projects research, articulated with the implementation of actions aimed at policy, ST&I in Public Health.
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Ntombovuyo, Klaas. "An investigation of the effective use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for primary school teachers in the transfer of knowledge". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1052.
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Thesis (MPhil (Information Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: We are in the era where Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are increasingly becoming as common as desks and chalkboard in our classrooms. Government, students, parents and the community at large are now expecting ICTs to be integrated in the school curriculum and to be used as tools of instruction.
Livros sobre o assunto "Technological innovations |x Government policy"
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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. OECD reviews of innovation policy. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006.
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Webre, Philip. Using R&D consortia for commercial innovation: SEMATECH, x-ray lithography, and high-resolution systems. Washington, D.C: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 1990.
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Webre, Philip. Using R&D consortia for commercial innovation: SEMATECH, x-ray lithography, and high-resolution systems. Washington, D.C: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 1990.
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Webre, Philip. Using R&D consortia for commercial innovation: SEMATECH, x-ray lithography, and high-resolution systems. Washington, D.C: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 1990.
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Bukarin, A. V. Sovremennye sistemy bezopasnosti - antiterror: Materialy kongressnoĭ chasti X spet︠s︡ializirovannogo foruma (28-29 mai︠a︡ 2014 g.). Krasnoi︠a︡rsk: SibI︠U︡I FSKN Rossii, 2014.
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Shear, Jeff. The keys to the kingdom: The FS-X deal and the selling of America's future to Japan. New York: Doubleday, 1994.
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Innovation policy. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1987.
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. OECD reviews of innovation policy. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007.
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service), SourceOECD (Online, ed. OECD reviews of innovation policy: Mexico. Paris: OECD, 2009.
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David, Roessner J., ed. Government innovation policy: Design, implementation, evaluation. New York: St. Martin's Press in association with the Policy Studies Organization, 1988.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Technological innovations |x Government policy"
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Dickson-Deane, Camille, Laurette Bristol, Dauran McNeil, Talia Esnard e Lorraine Leacock. "Intersectionality and Compromise: Enacting Government Policies in the Caribbean". In Global Perspectives on Educational Innovations for Emergency Situations, 119–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99634-5_12.
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AbstractThe Caribbean as a region managed the education delivery response to COVID-19 through policy that emphasised a holistic government approach. Though each State maintains its sovereign right, throughout the various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, locally governed Ministries of Education (Carrington, 1993) created guidance for what and how education was to continue in this region. This approach produced unique ways of continuing primary and secondary school education in the region. It also inevitably had unintended outcomes that many other regions experienced but few could quantify and qualify as to its impact on education as we knew it. Some of the unintended outcomes included how ministerial mandates were translated into actionable activities by teachers, parents and students given the challenges to financial, technological, and teaching resources. This chapter uses the pandemic as the landscape within which the stories of a variety of stakeholders (i.e., teachers, principals, parents) from the pre-tertiary sectors, in select countries outline points of intersectionality and compromise. This thus illustrates how solutions were formalised and actioned, as well as drawing on similarities and differences to extrapolate into a regional and international view.
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Manzoor, Amir. "Government Response to FinTechs". In Exploring the Dark Side of FinTech and Implications of Monetary Policy, 27–50. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6381-9.ch002.
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Technological innovations in the financial sector are transforming the provision of financial services. Fintech is one such innovation that not only provides opportunities (such as financial development and inclusion) but also brings various potential risks to consumers and investors. These risks also threaten the stability and integrity of global financial system. As such, financial regulators across the globe are adjusting their regulatory regimes and continue to provide and develop guidelines to mitigate these risks. This study provides a cross-country review of fintech policy responses of developed world.
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Siyanbola, Willie O., Olumuyiwa O. Olamade, Oluseyi O. Isola e Boladale A. Adebowale. "Technological Learning and Innovations in Indigenous Leather Clusters in Nigeria". In Disruptive Technologies, Innovation and Global Redesign, 249–65. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0134-5.ch013.
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Indigenous technologies are integral part of the culture and history of a local community. The need to learn from local communities to enrich the development process cannot be over-emphasized. This chapter aims at advancing the position that Nigeria’s indigenous technologies present significant opportunities for local economic transformation and global competitiveness. Analyses of two major indigenous leather clusters in Nigeria, as well as a review of successful country cases, throw up some specific strategic and policy issues. The chapter concludes that effective knowledge transfer and innovative capability build-up through appropriate government interventions are the basic requirements for sustainable growth of indigenous technologies in Nigeria.
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Rashmi, Rakhi. "Optimal Policy for Biopharmaceutical Drugs Innovation and Access in India". In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 74–114. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-846-9.ch007.
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In theory, patents work by providing the inventor an incentive to invent in the first place and then to disclose. Disclosure to the public is rewarded by giving the inventor a monopoly. As product patent and higher patent protection has been advocated by Art 27.1 of the TRIPs agreement on the basis that for greater innovation through transfer of technology is a necessity in developing countries like India as it provides capital to fund expensive innovations, who are otherwise not be able to fund expensive innovations on its own. On the other hand, at the same time drugs are also related with the health of the people and to take care of the health of the people is the utmost priority of any Government and there are issues like accessibility with regard to strong patent protection to biopharma products and data exclusivity. Also as per Art 7 of the TRIPs transfer of technology has to occur to the developing countries in order to promote technological innovations, which is conducive to social and economic welfare. Therefore, striking the right balance between incentive and public access creates a tension is essential. This study suggests optimal policy (Patent and other regulations) to have a balance between biopharma drugs innovation and their access in India while complying with the provisions of the TRIPs agreement by broadly categorising variables such as (1) patent policy such as the scope of biotech patents and the extent of the right in terms of breadth and length; and (2) regulatory environment such as the taxation incentive, Investment policy, Government initiative for the development of this sector etc.
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Uselding, Paul. "Does Government Interventionin the Economy Hurt Competitiveness—Or Help It?" In Second Thoughts, 163–66. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195066333.003.0023.
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Abstract Although it is widely believed that the rapid pace of American technological advance has been due to the incentives inherent in a system of laissez-faire, the federal government was a catalyst for technological advance during the nineteenth and for much of the twentieth century. For instance, federal legislation and support was instrumental in the development of precision machining industries, in lifting agricultural productivity, and in the genesis of computer technology. Indeed, the Federal government has encouraged innovations and their diffusion throughout the private market economy throughout most of our history-a fact of special relevance to the current policy debate about national economic performance or competitiveness.
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Tsarkos, Athanasios. "Social Innovation in Elementary Education". In Social Innovations in Education, Environment, and Healthcare, 18–38. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2569-8.ch002.
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This chapter explores the transformative impact of social innovation in elementary education. It traces the historical progression from standardized curricula to inclusive, personalized approaches, underpinned by technological advancements. Emphasizing empirical and diverse research methods, it identifies key challenges and informs the development of equitable educational strategies. The chapter discusses contemporary trends like digital literacy and social-emotional learning, highlighting the importance of government policy and leadership in navigating social innovation challenges. Concluding with a future outlook, it aligns with Education 4.0 and smart learning environments, envisioning an integrated, technologically enriched, student-focused educational landscape.
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Fuller, Christopher J. "Conclusion: “It Sends Its Bloodhounds Everywhere”". In See It/Shoot It. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300218541.003.0009.
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This concluding chapter examines the legacy of the CIA's drone war on U.S. counterterrorism, wider U.S. national security policy, and the conduct of America's rivals—both nation-states and terrorist groups. It contemplates the nature of technological progress, judging that innovations always introduce potential threats and opportunities in equal measure. Furthermore, while it is almost inevitable that terrorist groups will exploit drone technology for heinous ends, the technology also offers wider commercial and civilian society opportunities, just as previous transformative technologies, first developed for the purpose of taking lives, eventually came to transform them in positive ways. The use of drones to neutralize terrorists is best understood as the embodiment of America's long-term counterterrorism goal made possible by advancements in both technology and the willingness of the U.S. government to authorize the CIA in undertaking lethal counterterrorist actions.
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Rozi, Fachrur, Dian Adi Anggraeni Elisabeth, Adri Adri, Yardha Yardha, Firdaus Firdaus e Yanti Rina Darsani. "Impact of Globalization on Sustainable Land Use and Farming System in the Rural Development". In Rural Areas - Development and Transformations [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111924.
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Globalization can accelerate development while, at the same time, negatively impacting nations that are not ready. Globalization benefits rural communities organizing the citizens’ life order systematically. Exploiting land use to fulfill human needs is a result of globalization’s effects on economic activity. Agricultural and industrial sectors must increase production reasonably and suitably. There is a gray area of needs due to the dependency on the land resources use, which causes rivalry in procuring production inputs for each sector and has a significant effect on the agricultural industry. Transformation of human, environmental, financial, and institutional resources for rural agriculture by implementing effective and efficient agricultural modernization will reduce globalization’s negative effects. Smart farming applies modern technology to agriculture in order to achieve more productive and sustainable agricultural production. Agricultural land intensifi¬cation initiatives must be improved through the best use of technological innovation and agricultural infrastructure. Competition for resource utilization causes changes or decreases in land resources quality, which can be anticipated by technological capacities and capabilities, and adaptive capacity to innovations. Unhealthy competition must be eliminated, even these sectors will help each other because of government policy instruments so that the goal of rural sustainable agricultural growth will be achieved.
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Pal, Puja. "Present status and future outlooks of renewable energy in India for sustainable development." In A Basic Overview of Environment and Sustainable Development [Volume 2], 408–33. 2a ed. International Academic Publishing House (IAPH), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/boesd.2023.e02.028.
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The rapid industrialization and population growth in India have led to an unprecedented surge in energy demand, prompting a critical examination of sustainable energy sources. The present study delves into the current status and prospects of renewable energy in India, exploring its pivotal role in fostering sustainable development. The study encompasses an analysis of the current renewable energy landscape, government initiatives, challenges faced, and potential solutions. India has made significant strides in the deployment of renewable energy technologies, with a notable increase in solar and wind energy capacity. Government-led initiatives, such as the National Solar Mission and Wind Energy Mission, have played a pivotal role in promoting clean energy adoption. Despite these advancements, challenges like intermittency, grid integration issues, and financial barriers persist. The future perspectives of renewable energy in India are promising, driven by technological advancements, decreasing costs of renewable technologies, and a growing emphasis on sustainability. The adoption of energy storage solutions, smart grids, and digital technologies is poised to address the intermittency issues associated with renewables, enhancing their reliability and contribution to the energy mix. Moreover, this documentation explores the socio-economic benefits of renewable energy deployment, including job creation, improved air quality, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The transition to a cleaner energy paradigm aligns with India’s commitment to global climate goals and contributes to the nation’s resilience to climate change impacts. To summarize, the present status of renewable energy in India reflects commendable progress, with an optimistic trajectory for the future. Strategic policy frameworks, technological innovations, and international collaborations are essential components for overcoming existing challenges and unlocking the full potential of renewable energy for sustainable development in India. The current findings set the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted aspects of India’s renewable energy journey and its integral role in shaping a sustainable future.
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Ololube, Nwachukwu Prince. "Managing and Planning Technology Usage and Integration in Teacher Education Programs in an Emergent Nation". In Effects of Information Capitalism and Globalization on Teaching and Learning, 96–110. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6162-2.ch008.
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This chapter explores the impact of the changing context of Information Technologies (ITs) and Information Systems (ISs) on Teacher Education (TE). ITs and ISs have influenced educational philosophy and classroom practices all over the world. Significant technological innovations over the last three decades have altered the environment in which educators operate and profoundly changed the experience of both formal and informal education. The impact and pervasiveness of ITs and ISs have forced traditional Colleges of Education and University Faculties of Education into a period of transition and transformation. Colleges and Faculties of Education have, for example, become sites of branding and rebranding. The policy makers associated with these programs reflexively look to market-based solutions without first giving serious thought to the challenges preventing the effective integration and use of ITs and ISs in TE, particularly in developing economies. Using a theory-based method of analysis, this chapter gathers and analyzes contemporary views and ideas on education and technology. This chapter finds that the impact of ITs and ISs on TE programs in Nigeria has shortchanged these programs. As a result, education consumers and stakeholders are dissatisfied with the slow integration and use of ITs and ISs in government-owned institutions of higher education in general and in TE programs in particular.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Technological innovations |x Government policy"
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Balachandran, Radhika. "Preparing Indian Youth for Fourth Industrial Revolution". In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.3948.
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In the 21st century, technological innovations that took decades to occur are being replaced in years, in some cases just months. These revolutionary technological breakthroughs present a unique opportunity for India to industrialize. With the right policy framework, India could use the democratic nature of technology to reindustrialize itself. This democratic nature of technology has allowed firms to overcome their country's legacy issues and become global leaders in various fields. This potential harnessed properly could help India industrialize and create global leaders from its soil. However, skilling, reskilling and upskilling are necessary conditions for actively allowing the participation of Indian youth in the sectors dominating the fourth industrial revolution. This paper analyses the Fourth Industrial Revolution, through crucial policy decisions taken by the Government of India, related to the skilling of youth.
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Rayra Fonseca Ferreira, Lorena, e Chesil Batista Silva. "Academic entrepreneurship -The applicability of doctoral and doctoral theses from Campos dos Goytacazes -RJ in the entrepreneurial market". In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212422.
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Knowledge combined with innovation has been shown to be a driving factor for the growth and development of sustainable economic markets and, given the reality of the current scenario in Brazil in relation to social, political and economic aspects, see the high rate of unemployment and informal workers that they need emergency governmental support to survive, the importance of cooperative union between academic centers, scientific society, government and private initiative to induce public and institutional policy strategies that cause scientific, technological and social advances, transforming the knowledge in market innovations that generate jobs and income for social actors. In this scenario, stricto sensu postgraduate courses, especially doctorates, have contributed to the advancement of Innovation, Science and Technology, considered to be driversof economic and social change. Thus, assuming that all theses created in university centers precede an intellectual innovation, this research aims to highlight the reasons that lead to low entrepreneurial applicability among doctoral and doctoral student research. The hypothesis raised is that the lack of disciplines interconnected to entrepreneurship in graduate studies creates an imprisonment of Brazilian scientists' ideas in the academic field without other ramifications. The methodological procedures used will be of a qualitative quantitative approach, with regard to the objectives, the research is presented as descriptive and exploratory, having as a procedure bibliographic studies and the creation and application of a questionnaire for doctors and doctoral students in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. As a result of this research, I hoped to understand the reasons that lead to the low applicability and insertion of academic ideas in local entrepreneurship and the statistical survey of alternatives for interconnection between researchers and the market.
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Tudor, Anamaria, e George Suciu. "PROMOTING A BUSINESS THROUGH EVENTS IN A SMART CITY". In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-189.
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More and more cities are evolving in accordance with the current need of residents, businesses and tourists, keeping pace with digital technology and wanting to adapt to new generations. Events organized in a Smart City are often the key to promoting a company, helping to develop the knowledge network in the field and building new partnerships. With the new Smart City technologies, companies benefit from much more effective promotion. The solutions adopt appeal to the latest technological and digital innovations. The SMART component of a city has evolved rapidly in recent years from a possibility to a necessity, included in the urban development strategies. Using sensors with minimal energy consumption, wi-fi networks, digital surveillance, automatic data flow processing and public service management systems are just a few examples of digitization and opportunities for smart cities. The smart city emphasizes the ability of local government to collaborate with other organizations (IT companies, local communities, local business environment) to develop and adopt better policies; in order to maximize the benefits of a strategic partnership and is also an urban policy option in which the public value is continuously pursued as an essential condition for success. According to studies and analyses, the urban challenge of today is to think, act and live SMART. Starting from these assertions, cities and local communities need to start thinking in perspective and planning how to become environmentally friendly, citizen oriented, how to rationally use resources, how to generate income in parallel. In other words, educating them is very important, to properly use all the resources made available, because smart cities in 2019 are trying to improve the lives of their citizens.
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Hao, Xu, Shiqi (Shawn) Ou, Kexin Liu, Ruiheng Zhong, Hong Shi, Hewu Wang e Xin He. "Light-duty Plug-in Electric Vehicles in China: Evolution, Competition, and Outlook". In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0891.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">China's plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) market with stocks at 7.8 million is the world's largest in 2021, and it accounts for half of the global PEV growth in 2021. The PEV market in China has dramatically evolved since the pandemic in 2020: over 20% of all new PEV sales are from China by mid-2022. Recent features of PEV market dynamics, consumer acceptance, policies, and infrastructure have important implications for both the global energy market and manufacturing stakeholders. From the perspective of demand pull-supply push, this study analyzes China's PEV industry with a market dynamics framework by reviewing sales, product and brand, infrastructure, and government policies from the last few years and outlooking the development of the new government’s 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025). From the demand side, small-sized sedans and compact sport utility vehicles with increased electric ranges are both popular for PEVs, and the electric range of over 60% of new battery electric vehicles in 2021 has been longer than 400 km. From the supply side, although foreign brands like Tesla are still competitive, the products by Chinese domestic automakers like BYD are becoming more attractive and cannibalizing the high-end market. However, the production capacity and cost of PEVs may be limited by the upstream of the supply chain – the battery manufacturing and supply chain inflation. In addition, it is also uncertain how much sales demand impacts will be caused by the potential global economic recession. The government firmly supports electrification and decarbonization of the vehicle industry by emphasizing the importance of the vehicle industry for promoting the greenhouse gas net zero by 2060. The dual-credit policy is regarded as the most critical regulation in a bid to restrain fuel consumption and promote PEV share. Still, the market is facing some technological obstacles, such as battery safety and driving range anxiety, before real prosperity. In addition, the Chinese electric vehicle market is seeing a trend toward the development of new technologies such as vehicle-to-X, autonomous driving, and connected vehicles.</div></div>
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Milne, A., M. Dodd e A. Joyce. "Decarbonisation on the UKCS a Comparative Study of Electrification Options West of Shetland". In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215568-ms.
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Abstract Meeting the Paris Agreement targets and rapidly transitioning towards renewable energy are critical. Despite significant renewable energy growth, projections indicate fossil fuels will meet almost half the UK's energy demand by 2050. The oil and gas industry is facing increasing decarbonization mandates due to environmental concerns and the need for a sustainable energy future. However, the UK is unlikely to completely achieve its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target. Offshore oil and gas industry emissions are primarily due to energy-intensive processes that could be significantly reduced by shifting towards more sustainable practices and electrifying these processes. The West of Shetland region holds strategic significance in energy security, economic contributions, and potential for further exploration. The rapidly evolving offshore wind power sector and technological innovations in this field present a promising path towards a sustainable energy future. However, the electrification of oil and gas assets in the West of Shetland area will encounter challenges relating to grid connectivity, wind intermittency, environmental impact, and potential large-scale wind power generation elsewhere in the UK. Three key network design options are suggested for supplying required offshore electricity: a coordinated approach, an individual approach, and a local supply approach. There are three key groupings in the West of Shetland region: the Clair grouping, Schiehallion-Lancaster-Solan, and Rosebank-Cambo. Each has potential for electrification, but also unique challenges to be addressed. The adoption of renewable energy and energy storage technologies for oil and gas facilities in the West of Shetland area involves a variety of factors. Initial costs can be substantial, especially offshore, but these could be offset in the future due to tightening emissions regulations and carbon pricing. Older assets nearing their end of life may not be worth electrifying. Overcoming these challenges necessitates a collaborative strategy among industry players, the government, and regulators. Norway is leading in electrification, while the UK North Sea is moving much more slowly. A coherent energy policy for the West of Shetland area addressing oil and gas developments alongside renewable energy developments appears essential.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Technological innovations |x Government policy"
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Vlaicu, Razvan. Trust, Collaboration, and Policy Attitudes in the Public Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, maio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003280.
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This paper examines new data on public sector employees from 18 Latin American countries to shed light on the role of trust in the performance of government agencies. We developed an original survey taken during the first COVID-19 wave that includes randomized experiments with pandemic-related treatments. We document that individual-level trust in coworkers, other public employees, and citizens is positively related to performance-enhancing behaviors, such as cooperation and information-sharing, and policy attitudes, such as openness to technological innovations in public service delivery. Trust is more strongly linked to positive behaviors and attitudes in non-merit-based civil service systems. High-trust and low-trust respondents report different assessments of their main work constraints. Also, they draw different inferences and prefer different policy responses when exposed to data-based framing treatments about social distancing outcomes in their countries. Low-trust public employees are more likely to assign responsibility for a negative outcome to the government and to prefer stricter enforcement of social distancing.
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Shostak, Ray, Martín Alessandro, Peter Diamond, Edgardo Mosqueira e Mariano Lafuente. The Center of Government, Revisited: A Decade of Global Reforms. Inter-American Development Bank, julho de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004994.
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The institutions and units at the Center of Government (CoG) provide managerial direction and coherence to the complex machinery of government to accelerate the delivery of its priority objectives. In recent years, economic, social, political, and technological transformations have reshaped the functions of the CoG, as well as the tools available to CoG practitioners. For example, the acceleration of multidimensional transformations and disruptions--including pandemics, climate hazards, economic crises, technological developments, and global conflicts--has enhanced the value of anticipatory governance and foresight, cross-ministerial planning and policy design, and real-time performance monitoring and intervention. This publication takes stock of these and other innovations, based on learnings from a decade of reforms, globally and in Latin America and the Caribbean. It presents both an updated conceptual understanding of the work of the CoG and a set of specific routines, instruments, and step-by-step actions that should be considered in the process of strengthening the CoG capacity. It also includes an assessment tool to guide practitioners in identifying the key CoG functions and activities most in need of development or enhancement in their specific context.
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Acevedo, Sebastián, e Nicolás Dassen. Innovation for Better Management: The Contribution of Public Innovation Labs. Inter-American Development Bank, setembro de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010661.
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The technological, economic, and social changes of recent years have required governments to adapt to new challenges and growing demands from civil society. In many countries, and at different levels of government, this has led to the creation of innovation labs that aim to promote policy innovation in diverse ways. This paper analyzes the roles of innovation labs in Latin America, examines their challenges, and compares them to best practices and characteristics that current literature associates with higher levels of innovation in the public sector and in other organizations. Based on a survey of lab directors and the undertaking of two case studies, this paper describes the scope of innovation labs in Latin America and discusses the challenges they face to (i) work on central issues, (ii) achieve the adoption and scale up of their innovations, and (iii) ensure their sustainability. There are four key factors that determine the success of innovation labs in overcoming these challenges: two of these are of a political and institutional nature, namely leadership support and policy networks, while the other two relate to lab methodologies, namely the technical adaptation of their innovations and the building of a shared meaning. Additionally, two major differences have been identified between the innovation labs discussed herein and those of other regions, as described by the existing literature: a greater focus on issues of open government and less rigorous testing of their innovations, such as randomized experimentation and impact evaluation. Lastly, this study provides the relevant conclusions and recommendations on how to establish innovation labs as effective channels to manage innovation in government, along with its in-herent risks, and modernize public administration.
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Breve 13: Strengthening Governments Capacity to Discern Value the Need to Address Technological Pressure on Health Expenditure. Inter-American Development Bank, julho de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008040.
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This Breve presents the story of how, in recent years, the Colombian health system has struggled with technological pressure. The impact of technological pressure on the health sector during the last few years could be summarized by either of two phrases: "the cost of success" or "the adverse consequences of technological pressure." This Breve describes how the inadequateincorporation of health innovations into the system can threaten an egalitarian-inspired reform that has brought social progress. The document also discusses the policy tools Colombia has introduced to face this technological pressure. A commitment to strengthening the government¿s capacity to discern the value of health care innovations lies at the core of these policies.